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&#13;
Tools feature in a locked cabinet to his left, including those used for mastectomies.</text>
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                <text>Lugduni Batavorum: Petrum vander Aa, 1687</text>
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                <text>Is part of: Observationum rariorum medic. anatomic, chirurgicarum centuria prior, v. 1, title page.; See related catalog record: 2417066R</text>
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                <text>groups of sketches and drawings from Piranesi (f.3-17), studies for works entitled 'Landscape with Ruins', 'Ecstasy of St Agatha', 'Fiery Kind' (f.50-60?), 'Flagellation', drawings from the Castello Sforzesco, studies for a series of works for the Spoleto Festival, studies from Leonardo da Vinci for a drawing exhibited at the House of Leonardo, and various studies inspired by Joseph William Mallord Turner's 'Hannibal Crossing the Alps' (f.73-8 for a sculptural work for the Hayward Gallery, now in the Royal Festival Hall. 1982-3.&#13;
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                <text>Colour facsimile process print after a 16th century manuscript, 1925</text>
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                <text>[Berlin] : [Idra-Verlagsanstalt], [1925]&#13;
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                <text>Caspar Stromayr (fl. 1559) specialised as a cutter of hernias and a coucher of cataracts in 16th century Germany. Written in 1559, the manuscript reproduced here existed primarily as a surgical work dealing with hernia, and included a section on the anatomy and surgery of the eye. It was rediscovered in 1909 and published in this facsimile edition under the direction of surgical historian, Walter von Brunn, in 1925.&#13;
&#13;
The operation of a hernia, which Stromayr describes is extremely similar to a mastectomy of the period (non-operative) in which the surgeon would loop a thread around the maligned area and gradually strangulate it until the strangled area would scar and drop off.&#13;
&#13;
There are various versions of these prints, and their authenticity is hard to ascertain </text>
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                <text>The operator excises the breast with the "tenaculum helvetianum", presumably to remove breast cancer. His assistant has a case of lancets etc. attached to his belt. A set of cautery irons is smouldering on a stand on the left. The patient is seated, held by two men: she appears to be fainting. On the right, a man in a tall hat points towards her: he is possibly meant to be a physician&#13;
&#13;
The instrument used by the operator is the "tenaculum helvetianum" (tenette helvétienne), as described by Jean-Adrien Helvetius in Traité des pertes de sang .. accompagné de sa lettre sur la nature et guérison du cancer, Paris 1697, pp. 153-155 and folding plate f.p. 153; L. Heister, Institutiones chirurgicae, Amsterdam 1739, vol. 2, pp. 740-741 and tab. XXIII fig. 1. A similar instrument is used by Saint Agatha's torturer in an earlier (ca. 1600?) engraving by Philips Galle</text>
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                <text>Use of a surgical tool rather than a blacksmithing tongs&#13;
&#13;
Medium:	Engraving&#13;
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                <text>Philadelphia Museum of Art&#13;
https://philamuseum.org/collection/object/79938&#13;
The Muriel and Philip Berman Gift, acquired from the John S. Phillips bequest of 1876 to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, with funds contributed by Muriel and Philip Berman, gifts (by exchange) of Lisa Norris Elkins, Bryant W. Langston, Samuel S. White 3rd and Vera White, with additional funds contributed by John Howard McFadden, Jr., Thomas Skelton Harrison, and the Philip H. and A.S.W. Rosenbach Foundation, 1985</text>
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