<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://www.european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/items/browse?collection=3&amp;output=omeka-xml&amp;page=2" accessDate="2026-05-24T20:35:23-06:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>2</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>82</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="422" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="527">
        <src>https://www.european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/66abff4aa6be85723a30851a399d3a14.jpg</src>
        <authentication>dfe4b4543f972f847c2261f6a3731ce3</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="9">
                  <text>Surgical Tracts</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2409">
                <text>Surgical instruments in a cabinet</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2410">
                <text>1 print : woodcut ; border 20.2 x 13.5 cm&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2411">
                <text>Wellcome&#13;
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xnsmnxdn</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2412">
                <text>[Strasbourg?] : [publisher not identified], [between 1500 and 1599]&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2512">
                <text>This is a copy from the  Feldbuch der Wundartzney written by H. von Gersdorf (Alsatian) with many of the illustrations by Johann Ulrich Wechtlin (thought to be the earliest European depictions of surgery), first published in 1517</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="626">
        <name>box</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="625">
        <name>cabinet</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="59">
        <name>shears</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="49">
        <name>speculum</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="66">
        <name>surgery</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="624">
        <name>toolkit</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>tools</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="419" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="523">
        <src>https://www.european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/a7c8f58005e102da521ae90e8e2bc0b0.jpg</src>
        <authentication>32ee675ff4c864230b69ae156d177843</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="9">
                  <text>Surgical Tracts</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2394">
                <text>The anatomist Felix Platter, seated at a table covered with surgical instruments in a room with two other men, below which are the figures of Hippocrates and Galen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2395">
                <text>"Felix Platter is shown seated, with two companions, at a table covered with surgical instruments, books, fruit and a bird which he touches while holding a scalpel in his other hand. Below this room are the figures of Hippocrates and Galen, set before niches, on either side of a flayed human skin. (For a similar arrangement, see this catalogue 24939.) On the right base, below Galen is the image of a swan around whose neck is entwined a snake and a crown. On the left base, below Hippocrates, is the image of a crane holding a stone in the claw of its raised leg, an allegory of Vigilance. After studying in Montpellier, Felix Platter returned to Basel to lecture on medicine at the University and be appointed the principal physician of the city. During his student years, he kept a journal that described his experiences and medical education, as well as capturing daily sixteenth-century student-life. In addition to being an anatomist and physician, he was also a collector"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2396">
                <text>1 print : engraving ; platemark 21 x 16.4 cm&#13;
Lettering&#13;
Felicis Plateri quondam archiatri et profess. Basil. ord. praxeos medicæ, tomi tres, cum centuria posthuma emedati et aucti, à Felice Platero, nunc archiatro et profess. Basileen. Fel. Nep. Hippocrates ; Galenus</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2397">
                <text>Wellcome&#13;
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/czyvv5tz</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2398">
                <text>Basel : E. König, 1656.&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="443">
        <name>frontispiece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="620">
        <name>galen</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="621">
        <name>hippocrates</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="277">
        <name>knives</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="62">
        <name>mastectomy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="17">
        <name>pincers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="137">
        <name>still life</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="622">
        <name>table</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>tools</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="168">
        <name>treatise</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="418" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="522">
        <src>https://www.european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/2ec682ad16617b50856960f4b4d8ebfe.jpg</src>
        <authentication>c51f0bf847ace6427604bbafd1ec6d36</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="9">
                  <text>Surgical Tracts</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2387">
                <text>Anatomical dissection by Andreas Vesalius of a female cadaver, attended by a large crowd of onlookers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2388">
                <text>"A print taken from the original woodblock, before lettering, of the title page for the 1555 edition of the De humani corporis fabrica libri septem. Among the differences between the recut title page of the 1555 edition and that of the 1543 edition (see this catalogue, no. 24285) is that the title in the cartouche above the skeleton, which now holds a scythe, identifies the author, Andreas Vesalius as the physician to Emperor Charles V. The portrait of Vesalius, who is seen next to the female cadaver, has been adapted to follow the frontispiece portrait of the anatomist, including the details of the mole above his right eye and his brocade cloak. Other changes are the clothing of the man gripping the column on the left of the title page, who in the 1543 edition was nude, the introduction of a goat next to the dog at the lower right for the purposes of comparative anatomy, and the use of a vivisection table to carry the privilege at the bottom of the page (see this catalogue, no. 24377). In addition to the new title page and some alterations to the text, a new type face was employed, new and larger decorated initial letters were cut and the lettering of the figures was made more distinguishable by the removal of the surrounding shading. The original woodblocks were rediscovered in the Munich University library in the late nineteenth century and were used to produce the Icones anatomicae, published by the New York Academy of Medicine in 1934-1935. Not long afterwards these woodblocks, which had survived so many centuries, were destroyed in the second world war"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2389">
                <text>1 print : woodcut ; image 35.2 x 24.3 cm&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2390">
                <text>Wellcome&#13;
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/d3shj9wz</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2391">
                <text>[Basel] : [Oporinus], [1555]&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2392">
                <text>[1555]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2393">
                <text>References note&#13;
H. Cushing, A bio-bibliography of Andreas Vesalius, 2nd ed., Hamden, Conn. and London 1962, pp. 90-92, no. VI.A.-3; pp. 106-9, no. VI.A.-6, figs 62; 64&#13;
J. B. de C. M. Saunders and C. D. O'Malley, The illustrations from the works of Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, Cleveland and New York 1950, pp. 44-45, pl. 3</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="618">
        <name>blank</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="70">
        <name>breast</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>copy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="572">
        <name>female corpse</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="443">
        <name>frontispiece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="525">
        <name>operating theatre</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="381">
        <name>skeleton</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="619">
        <name>stereotype</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>tools</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="444">
        <name>touch</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="428">
        <name>vesalius</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="417" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="521">
        <src>https://www.european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/75ecd32a38459507fb10943f617bcb6e.jpg</src>
        <authentication>fdc334cb0ef0f97c84c92928cfb3d3b7</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="9">
                  <text>Surgical Tracts</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2383">
                <text>Surgical instruments: 91 figures, including an operating table and an adjustable bed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2384">
                <text>1 print : line engraving ; image, border and lettering 21.1 x 26 cm&#13;
lettering: I ; Taf. 140 ; B.8. ; G. Heck dirt. ; Henry Winkles sculpt.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2385">
                <text> Line engraving by H. Winkles under the direction of J.G. Heck, 1830/1845.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2386">
                <text>Wellcome&#13;
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qj2a9ydc</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="617">
        <name>chair</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="277">
        <name>knives</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="171">
        <name>nippers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="17">
        <name>pincers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="59">
        <name>shears</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>tools</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="416" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="520">
        <src>https://www.european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/b55956e5b62db237f56956b8c0240f97.jpg</src>
        <authentication>b4daf18148e5ec43a72873697e702d8a</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="9">
                  <text>Surgical Tracts</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2380">
                <text>Surgical apparatus: a chair used for surgery. Engraving with etching.&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2381">
                <text>1 print : engraving, with etching ; image 20 x 32.5 cm&#13;
Chirurgie Bears number: Suppl. pl.5, 148&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2382">
                <text>Wellcome&#13;
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/wrrfcaha</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="617">
        <name>chair</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="413">
        <name>invention</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="33">
        <name>print</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="66">
        <name>surgery</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="414" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="518">
        <src>https://www.european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/34ea4aac7578cc57aa1d40e54a07964f.jpg</src>
        <authentication>a3d3904ea29a8902b54451e4c0e06d2d</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="9">
                  <text>Surgical Tracts</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2369">
                <text>Allegorical and historical scenes of medicine: including a dissection and a distillation laboratory, and Hygieia receiving the organic and mineral bounty of the earth employed in remedies</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2370">
                <text>"This title page to the posthumous 1660 publication of Gregor Horst's complete works is divided into three horizontal registers. A cartouche bearing the title in the central register is crowned by a smaller cartouche in which one sees a cock encircled by a serpent, both symbols of Aesculapius, around which is the motto: "Prudentia et vigilantia". The figures on either side of the title are Hippocrates, who holds a scroll on which it is written: "vita brevis ars longa" while the other figure, most likely Aristotle, holds aloft an armillary sphere in his right hand and with his left, supports a tablet that reads: "quod est superius est sicut inferius". In the central scene of the top register, the enthroned figure of Hygieia accepts a vessel from a woman who indicates a female patient in the bed before them, while another woman with clasped hands looks on. With her left hand, Hygieia grasps a cord from which is suspended a pentagram, employed here as an emblem of health, that descends by a hand that emerges through clouds that surround the tetragrammaton, the name Jehovah written in Hebrew. On either side of this room are landscape scenes. On the left a satyr bears a cornucopia of fruits of the earth before a landscape filled with a variety of animals and vegetation, birds and a swarm of bees. On the right Vulcan holds a cornucopia of the elements before a mining scene and an active volcano. Together they represent the harvest of both above and below the earth which may be used in healing. The lower register is concerned with scenes of seventeenth-century medicine. On the left a disputation is taking place, perhaps a degree defence. On the right is a distillation laboratory. In the centre, a human dissection is about to take place in an anatomical theatre. The anatomist, who touches the corpse while indicating the skeleton set up against the pier to the right, is probably Gregor Horst, who was the chief physician of Ulm, and whose portrait, designed by Andreas Schuch and engraved by Johann Friedrich Fleischberger, who also engraved this title page, is included in the book, presents him in similar dress and a square-cut beard"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2371">
                <text>1 print : engraving ; image 28.4 x 16.1 cm&#13;
Lettering&#13;
Gregorii Horstii, senioris, tou makaritou &lt;Greek&gt; opera medica Yehova [Hebrew] ; Prudentia et vigilantia. ; Vita brevis ars longa. ; Quod est superius est sicut inferius.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2372">
                <text>Engraving by J.F. Fleischberger, 1660</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2373">
                <text>NLM&#13;
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ktyycrm5</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2374">
                <text>Norimbergæ [Nuremberg] : Impensis Ioh. And. &amp; Wolffg: Iun: Endteror: Hæred, 1660.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="200">
        <name>anatomy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="443">
        <name>frontispiece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="540">
        <name>jewish</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="62">
        <name>mastectomy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="525">
        <name>operating theatre</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="59">
        <name>shears</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>tools</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="168">
        <name>treatise</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="412" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="516">
        <src>https://www.european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/a3587d9677149a75579bc2717bb9ca98.jpg</src>
        <authentication>693032c94666d3847ec9ac61651a3066</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="9">
                  <text>Surgical Tracts</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2357">
                <text>The Dutch anatomist Steven Blankaart (1650-1704) performing a dissection in an anatomy theatre, with seven observers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2358">
                <text>"The Dutch anatomist S. Blankaart, surrounded by seven observers, retracts the skin of the cadaver he is dissecting to reveal the intestines. Directly behind him is a door leading out of the anatomy theatre and above this, in a niche, is a skeleton holding a spade. Among the surgical instruments lying next to the corpse is a pair of glasses, on the left. Blankaart is similar in features and dress to his engraved portrait at the age of thirty-six (see this catalogue no. 1159), which faces the engraved title page in the Leiden 1687 edition"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2359">
                <text>1 print : engraving ; image 16.3 x 9.3 cm&#13;
Lettering&#13;
S. Blancardi. Anatomia reformata</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2360">
                <text>Wellcome&#13;
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pc3bsnqr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2361">
                <text>Ludg. Batav. [Leiden] : Cornelium Boutesteyn : Iordaanum Lughtmans, 1687.&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2362">
                <text>1687</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2363">
                <text>References note&#13;
G. Wolf-Heidegger and A. M. Cetto, Die anatomische Sektion in bildlicher Darstellung, Basel and New York 1967, no. 184, p. 259&#13;
A. Garosi, Inter artium et medicinae doctores, Florence 1963, tav. ccxv</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="567">
        <name>ambiguous gender</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="200">
        <name>anatomy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="443">
        <name>frontispiece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="614">
        <name>operating</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="381">
        <name>skeleton</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="447">
        <name>supine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>tools</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="444">
        <name>touch</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="407" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="511">
        <src>https://www.european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/8678da16ec59d5e75e5cc7694254e81e.jpg</src>
        <authentication>8dcb596dda3b984655a71d8f4ca143e7</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="9">
                  <text>Surgical Tracts</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2327">
                <text>Syntagma anatomicum</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2328">
                <text>"First published in 1641, the second enlarged edition of Vesling's Syntagma anatomicum to which illustrations were added, engraved by the same artist responsible for the title page, G. Georgi, appeared in 1647. This title page is from the reset variant of the 1647 edition and it has been re-engraved with minor changes. In the background a dissection is about to take place in a crowded anatomy theatre, which may be identified as the one in the University of Padua, where Vesling was a professor of anatomy and surgery, and it is likely that the figure with a short pointed beard conducting the dissection is Vesling himself. Vesling was also a botanist and was responsible for renovating the botanical garden at Padua. The two female figures on either side of the cloth that bears the title of the work hold attributes which suggest an identification of them as practical and theoretical anatomy (Wolf-Heidegger and Cetto 1967, no. 155, p. 240)"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2329">
                <text>1 print : engraving ; image 19.9 x 14.4 cm&#13;
Lettering&#13;
Ioannis Veslingii Mindani, Syntagma anatomicum ; Jo. Georgius sculp.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2330">
                <text>Wellcome&#13;
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ar9j7wwc</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2331">
                <text>Patavii [Padua] : Typis Pauli Frambotti Bibliopolæ, 1647.&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2332">
                <text>L. Choulant, History and bibliography of anatomic illustration, tr. and ed. M. Frank, New York 1945, p. 243&#13;
T. Quirico and V. Lindon, eds, Les siècles d'or de la médecine. Padoue XVe-XVIIIe siècles, exh. cat., Paris, Jardin des plantes, 1989, pp. 138-139&#13;
G. Wolf-Heidegger and A. M. Cettto, Die anatomische Sektion in bildlicher Darstellung, Basel and New York 1967, no. 155, pp. 240-241</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="9">
        <name>breasts</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="213">
        <name>dissection</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="572">
        <name>female corpse</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="443">
        <name>frontispiece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="525">
        <name>operating theatre</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="605">
        <name>personifcation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>tools</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="405" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="509">
        <src>https://www.european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/eacc1927c6bfa3868ae51214c10c7774.jpg</src>
        <authentication>14d02a0ae5fdb1865ccaa37d5aaf6c5e</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="9">
                  <text>Surgical Tracts</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2316">
                <text>"Theatri anatomici academiae lugduno-batavae delineatio"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2317">
                <text>"This engraving of the anatomist and botanist Pieter Pauw performing an anatomical dissection in the Leiden Anatomy theatre was first published in 1615, entitled "Theatri anatomici academiae lugduno-batavae delineatio". It bore a dedication by Pauw to the Magistrates of Leiden and was framed by two columns of the text of a poem by P. Scriverius (Schrijver), dated 1615, in which the presence in the audience of Scaliger, Dousa the younger and Lipsius is singled out. These are posthumous portraits as all had died several years before the print was published. This view of the Leiden Anatomy theatre is much sparer than that of the prints after the design of J. Woudanus of c. 1609, in which one sees an elaborate display of articulated human and animal skeletons, disposed about the tiers of the theatre. In the De Gheyn design there is only a single skeleton bearing a staff with a banner that reads: "Mors ultima linea rerum". This could be a portrayal of the anatomy theatre once the skeletons had been removed in preparation for the anatomy and its audience, but it also reflects the influence of the title page of Vesalius's De humani corporis fabrica (1543), seen from a similar low viewpoint with a skeleton holding a staff in a direct line above the dissection (see this catalogue, no. 24285) Other contemporary views show a theatre of six tiers that accommodated a larger audience than the more intimate scene De Gheyn has chosen with a theatre of apparently only two tiers. De Gheyn's association with Pauw can be dated back to 1596-1598, when he made drawings of aborted foetuses and deformities which were once displayed in the Leiden Anatomy theatre"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2318">
                <text>1 print : engraving ; image 28.4 x 22 cm&#13;
Lettering&#13;
I.D. Gheyn inv. Andr. Stoc. scul.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2319">
                <text>Wellcome&#13;
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ev88gcwy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2320">
                <text>Leiden : Petrus Pauw, 1615.&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2321">
                <text>I. Q. van Regteren Altena, Jacques de Gheyn. Three Generations, 3 vols, The Hague, Boston and London 1983, i, p. 115; ii, no. 154&#13;
G. Wolf-Heidegger and A. M. Cetto, Die anatomische Sektion in bildlicher Darstellung, Basel and New York 1967, pp. 349-350, no. 307 and 307a&#13;
W. Schupbach, The paradox of Rembrandt's Ànatomy of Dr. Tulp', Medical History, Supplement no. 2, London 1982, p. 73, no. 14c; pp 96-97, no. 18b&#13;
W. S. Heckscher, Rembrandt's Anatomy of Dr. Nicolaas Tulp, An iconological study, New York 1958, p. 26, fig. 2&#13;
F. W. H. Hollstein, Dutch and Flemish etchings and engravings and woodcuts, ca. 1450-1700, Amsterdam, vii, p. 191, no. 61</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="601">
        <name>abdomen</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="213">
        <name>dissection</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="600">
        <name>dogs</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="443">
        <name>frontispiece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="585">
        <name>gender ambiguity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="525">
        <name>operating theatre</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="381">
        <name>skeleton</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="444">
        <name>touch</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="404" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="508">
        <src>https://www.european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/08a7c02c1850a320df1a225bd222ca62.jpg</src>
        <authentication>c3ab0b81caff86cbf015e524f50d1c55</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="9">
                  <text>Surgical Tracts</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2310">
                <text>Anthropographia et osteologia </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2311">
                <text>"Jean Riolan, Professor of Anatomy and Botany at the Faculté de Médecine in Paris and French court physician, is best known as a Galenist who did not accept Harvey's theory of the circulation of the blood. He was skilled in dissection and in the preface to the 1626 edition of his Anthropographia et osteologia he states that he had dissected more than one hundred bodies over the last twenty-four winters. Flanking a display of surgical instruments, topped by a coat of arms, are Aesculapius and Hygieia"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2312">
                <text>1 print : engraving ; image 16.5 x 10.6 cm&#13;
Lettering&#13;
Encheiridium anatomicum et pathologicum adornatum a Ioanne Riolano filio cum figuris.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2313">
                <text>Lugduni Batavor[um] [Leiden] : Ex officina Adriani Wyngaerden, 1649.&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2314">
                <text>References note&#13;
G. Wolf-Heidegger and A. M. Cetto, Die anatomische Sektion in bildlicher Darstellung, Basel and New York 1967, pp. 234-236, nos 148-149&#13;
G. Cordier, Paris et les anatomistes au cours de l'histoire, Paris 1955, cover illustration</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="53">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2315">
                <text>"The present print is a later copy, in reverse, of the title page, designed and engraved by Crispijn de Passe the second for Jean Riolan the younger's Anthropographia et osteologia, of Paris 1626: see Wellcome Library catalogue no. 588752i. In the present print, which served as the title page to Riolan's Encheiridium anatomicum et pathologicum of 1649, the original French observers are replaced by named Dutchmen in different poses, particularly anatomists from Leiden"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="598">
        <name>birds</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="599">
        <name>bone nippers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="213">
        <name>dissection</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="368">
        <name>dutch</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="271">
        <name>french</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="277">
        <name>knives</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="237">
        <name>personification</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="17">
        <name>pincers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="597">
        <name>rooster</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="596">
        <name>snake</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>tools</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="444">
        <name>touch</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
