]]> https://wellcomecollection.org/works/e7y97yap]]> https://wellcomecollection.org/works/s4vqv7pa]]> https://wellcomecollection.org/works/mcvnyja6]]>
see also Item #313 for forcep imagery from an encyclopedia that copied this one.]]>
Later in the definition Ephraim Chambers states, "The principal things that come under the consideration of Chirurgery, are tumors, wounds, dislocations, and fractures."

It then falsely states that surgery was the "sole medicine of the first ages" - always opting for the knife. It follows then in a whole history showing that the Greeks also preferred surgery over all modes of medicine, cultivated by Hippocrates amongst others.

"The more modern authors, who have contributed most to the
perfection of Chirurgery, are Paraeus, Fab. ab Aquapendente,
Harvey, Wharton, Glisson, Du Laurence, Diemerbroeck, Vieussens,
Barbette, Dionis, Charriere, &c."

It then goes on to describe the splitting of surgeons from barbers and within the law how barbers are only allowed to pull teeth and no longer draw any blood. Surgeons cannot shave others. Surgeons now must have signs at their doors legitimizing their practice.

Then proceeds to describe French surgery (as an English text): "The French Chirurgeons being refused to be admitted into the
universities, notwithstanding that their art makes a branch of medicine,
one of the four faculties; on pretence of its bordering a
little on butchery, or cruelty; associated themselves into a brotherhood,
under the protection of S. Cosmus, and S. Damian:
on which account, according to the laws of their institution, they
are obliged to dress and look to wounds gratis, the first Monday
of each month. They distinguish between a Chirurgeon of the long robe, and a Barber Chirurgeon: the first has studied physick, and is allowed to wear a gown."

see also keywords Tumor, Breast

"The breasts are much more perfect, more conspicuous, and
of more use in women than in men: their magnitude is various;
always biggest in time of gestation and lactation."]]> https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/ephraim-chambers-cyclopaedia-1741

and can search terms in
https://artflsrv04.uchicago.edu/philologic4.7/chambers_new/
]]> https://dental.nyu.edu/aboutus/rare-book-collection/16-c/guy-chauliac.html]]> https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.24726169]]>
1 print : engraving ; platemark 20.6 x 28.5 cm

Speculum oris ... Manubrium foramine trochleari praeditum pro ferramentis. Angleus Carlescus Pordenonensis inventor. Gio. Georgi. fecit. Bears letter: F

]]> https://wellcomecollection.org/works/heuanukk]]> ]]>
lettering: At the signe of the tare live's one Mr Grenier who makes all sorts of good rasors, lancets, sisers very well and all other sorts of instruments for chirugeons ; H. Neutte [?] f. A.o 1698
]]> https://wellcomecollection.org/works/jzd2rh68]]>
lettering: Jaques Songy ; mt. coustelier a Paris faict de bonnes lancetters, rasoirs, trepan et aures fermants servant aux chiruigiens et barbiers demeurant Rue des Petit Champs a lanseigne du grand cerf

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