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                <text>"Holbein prepared this cartoon for a large-scale work to commemorate the grant of a royal charter to the Company of Barbers and the Guild of Surgeons on their merger in 1540. Presumably at the request of his clients, Holbein based the design on that of the miniatures painted on Tudor charters of privileges. Working from an old sketch, Holbein portrayed King Henry, who did not sit for him on this occasion, more as an icon than as a living person&#13;
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                <text>The Royal College of Surgeons, who retained ownership of the painting, bought the cartoon in 1786 from a French art dealer</text>
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                <text>A historic moment in English surgery. In London prior to 1540, two distinct groups of surgeons who were in fierce competition over the right to practice the craft. The more elite became Guild of Surgeons. the other became the larger Barber's Guild (distinguishing selves from fraters). The latter had 185 members, becoming largest of livery companies in London. Together they became the United Company of Barbers and Surgeons, now barbers associated with elite surgeons and separated from mere shavers and haircutters. For the surgeons, their total numbers increased and had more funding. Henry holds the act of Union here to his own Sergeant surgeon . Problems quickly arose regarding training, status and income. The barbers outnumbered surgeons but contributed the most to organizations coffers. Near end of 17th c surgeons began to petition for a separation granted only in 1745. Over the next half-century great strides made in British surgery which led to a new charter in 1800 - the Royal College of Surgeons. The image here is a cartoon for the work which was purchased by the separate surgeons charter in late 18th century.  Prior, an engraving was made of the cartoon in  c. 1736  purpose unknown.</text>
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                <text>A rustic blacksmith turned tooth-drawer extracting a tooth from an anxious woman patient, her husband observes the situation. Mezzotint by J. Wilson after J. Harris the elder.&#13;
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