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                <text>The Rival Accoucheurs or who shall Deliver Europe</text>
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                <text>William Pitt the younger as an obstetrician and medicine vendor, accompanied by Henry Dundas as his assistant, disputing with Napoleon Bonaparte their respective medicinal remedies for the delivery of Europe. Etching after C. Ansell (?), 1800.</text>
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                <text>The print contrasts Pitt's use of cash to support his Austrian allies with Napoleon's use of military force. Pitt is represented both as an accoucheur or man-midwife (he has a pair of forceps labeled "Income tax" sticking out of his pocket) and as a medicine vendor ("quack doctor"). To the left, Dundas wears a Scottish bonnet and a plaid suit in the style of the harlequin costume traditionally worn by the quack-doctor's zany. Napoleon carries a sword (as the obstetrician does in the print "Doctor Forceps" by Matthias Darly, 1773) with which he points to a pile of bolus-shaped (and musket-ball-shaped) pills. On the right his assistant uses a musket to shoot a bolus down the throat of one of the Austrian generals whom Napoleon had defeated at the battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800: either General Michael von Melas or General Pál Kray, both of whom are mentioned in the lettering. The British Museum catalogue suggests the shooting man may be Napoleon's general Louis Charles Antoine Desaix (1768-1800), though he would be an unsuitable candidate as he was killed by a musket ball at Marengo&#13;
&#13;
1 print : etching ; platemark 18 x 22.7 cm&#13;
&#13;
Pitt says: "Why I tell you Doctor Buonaparte, nothing can effect a complete deliverance but my prescription of mint seed, it is the most efficacious remedy in the world". Napoleon replies "I deny that, Doctor, my pills are far more certain in their operation &amp; much quicker in their effect, for instance you have been 14 months in attempting to deliver Italy &amp; I have delivered her in a day, but I refer you to Dr Melas &amp; Dr Kray who have both tried my pills &amp; found them irresistible. therfore Dr if you do not immediatly acknowledge the superiority of my pills, by Mahomet I will make you -". Dundas replies, "Hoot mon, I never knew a country man of mine but would prefer the mint seed to aw the republican pills in the world".&#13;
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                <text>Ansell, Charles, approximately 1752-&#13;
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                <text>Wellcome&#13;
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/mrapkw3h</text>
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                <text>c. 1800</text>
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                <text>British Museum, Catalogue of political and personal satires, vol. VI, London 1938, no. 9544A&#13;
Lisa Forman Cody, Birthing the nation: sex, science, and the conception of eighteenth-century Britons, Oxford 2005, p. 312</text>
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                <text>Abridged Version of "De arte phisicali de cirurgia", "Fistula in ano", Including an Obstetrical Treatise.</text>
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De arte phisicali et de cirurgia ; Fistula in ano; Obstetrical treatise</text>
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                <text>Manuscript X 188 in the National Library of Sweden dates to around 1425--35 and contains two works by John Arderne (active 1307--70), an abridged version of De arte phisicali et de cirurgia (Of the physical arts and surgery) and Fistula in ano. Also included is a tract on obstetrics by another author, Muscio. De arte phisicali et de cirurgia is a textbook on medicine and surgery; Fistula in ano deals with rectal disorders. The manuscript is written in two long columns on a parchment roll that is 542 centimeters long by 36 centimeters wide and illustrated with a number of small and larger images. The small images, in the margins, portray people afflicted with various ailments. The standing figures between the columns illustrate the different systems of the human body. There is also an image of a woman in childbirth as well as 15 drawings of the fetus. On the back of the roll is an image of an operation on the digestive tract. Also visible are four anatomical figures depicted from the back in cut-away views. The images of surgical tools used for operations are found on both sides of the roll. The Stockholm roll possibly was commissioned by Phillippa, the English princess who, in 1406, married the Swedish king Eric of Pomerania. John Arderne was her grandfather's physician.&#13;
&#13;
-  Title devised, in English, by Library staff.&#13;
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                <text>LOC&#13;
https://lccn.loc.gov/2021667922</text>
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&#13;
Dimensions: 3-1/4 x 1-7/8 in. (8.3 x 4.8 cm)&#13;
&#13;
Inscription: Lettered monogram lower right: 'MAF'</text>
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                <text>Artist: Anonymous&#13;
&#13;
Artist: After Marcantonio Raimondi (Italian, Argini (?) ca. 1480–before 1534 Bologna (?))</text>
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                <text>The Met&#13;
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/342866&#13;
Credit Line: The Elisha Whittelsey Collection, The Elisha Whittelsey Fund, 1957</text>
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                <text>Adam von Bartsch Le Peintre graveur. Vienna, 1803.&#13;
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Henri Delaborde Marc Antonio Raimondi étude historique et critique, suivie d'un catalogue raisonné des ouevres du maitre. Paris, 1887.</text>
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&#13;
2 images - microscopic view and images of infants&#13;
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                <text>Astruc, Jean, 1684-1766&#13;
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https://wellcomecollection.org/works/k8zph5b9</text>
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                <text>"In 1543, Vesalius asked Johannes Oporinus to publish the book De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem (On the fabric of the human body in seven books), a groundbreaking work of human anatomy he dedicated to Charles V and which many believe was illustrated by Titian's pupil Jan Stephen van Calcar."&#13;
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The figure is much more masculine in the print than in the painting. Unclear which came first. See Pierre Poncet. Most likely print first (commissioned by Vesalius). Painting done afterwards not affiliated with Vesalius.</text>
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                <text>Attributed to Jan van Calcar  (circa 1499 –1546/1550</text>
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